Outrage bait is content engineered, deliberately or through trial and error, to provoke a strong emotional reaction quickly, because that reaction reliably produces clicks, comments, and shares. The underlying story is often thinner than the reaction it produces, stripped of context or nuance that might soften the response into something more measured.
A few features tend to give it away: a headline phrased as a moral verdict rather than a question, a complete absence of the other side's explanation, and a framing that leaves only one reasonable emotional response available to the reader before they have even finished the first sentence.
The useful habit is a short pause before reacting: has the source explained why, has more than one account been checked, and would the reaction still feel proportionate an hour from now. That small delay is often enough to separate a genuine concern from a manufactured one designed only to provoke a reaction.