Agroforestry deliberately combines trees with crops or livestock on the same piece of land, rather than treating forestry and farming as separate uses competing for the same space. Done well, the trees and the crops beneath or beside them support each other instead of simply dividing the available land between two competing purposes.
The trees contribute more than shade, though shade matters in hot climates: their roots can improve soil structure, their fallen leaves add organic matter, and some species fix nutrients directly into the ground, quietly improving conditions for whatever is planted nearby without any additional input from the farmer.
The system also spreads risk. A farm that produces both timber or fruit and an annual crop has more than one source of income and more resilience if one component has a poor season, which makes agroforestry as much a risk management strategy as it is a way of growing food.